Metering charges mainly through three ways of macro-energy: First, the installation of the flow control valve, to achieve the flow balance, thereby overcoming the uneven heating and cooling; followed by the role of temperature control valve, the use of solar energy, appliances, lighting, etc. Equipment, free heat; the third is to raise the awareness of energy saving with residents, reducing unnecessary windows and other heat. The three energy-saving ways, of which two are through the flow control valve to achieve. Can be seen, flow control valve, heating system in the measurement of charges, what occupies an important position. Therefore, how to correctly select the design of flow control valve, it is very important.
First, the temperature control valve
1, radiator temperature control valve structure and working principle
The temperature control in the user's room is achieved through the radiator thermostatic control valve. Radiator thermostatic control valve is a thermostat controller, flow control valve and a pair of connectors, of which the thermostat is the core component of the sensor unit, that temperature package. Temperature package can sense changes in the ambient temperature and volume changes, drive the valve spool displacement, and then adjust the radiator water to change the radiator heat dissipation. Thermostatic valve set temperature can be artificially adjusted, thermostatic valve will be set according to the requirements of automatic control and adjust the radiator water, in order to achieve the purpose of controlling the indoor temperature. Temperature control valve is generally installed in front of the radiator, through the automatic regulation of flow, to achieve the residents need room temperature. There are two thermostatic valve thermostatic valve and thermostatic valve three points. The three-way thermostatic valve is mainly used for single-pipe system with crossing pipe. The shunt coefficient can vary from 0% to 100%, and the flow control has a large space but the price is more expensive. The structure is complicated. Two-way thermostatic valve for some double-tube system, and some for single-tube system. The two-way thermostatic valve used in the two-pipe system has greater resistance; the one-pipe system used has less resistance. Thermostatic valve temperature sensor package and the valve body is generally assembled into a whole, the temperature package itself is the scene of the indoor temperature sensor. If desired, a remote temperature sensor can be used; the remote temperature sensor is placed in a room where temperature control is required and the valve body is placed on a part of the heating system.
2, temperature control valve selection design
Temperature control valve is the most important heating system flow control equipment, and other control valves are auxiliary equipment, so the temperature control valve is essential. A heating system without the thermostatic valve can not be called the so-called heat metering and charging system. In the design of temperature control valve, the correct selection is very important. The purpose of temperature control valve selection, according to the design flow (known heat load), allowing the resistance to determine KV value (flow coefficient); then KV value to determine the temperature control valve diameter (model). Therefore, the design catalog or manufacturer's samples must give the relationship between KV value and diameter, otherwise it is not convenient for designers to use.
Selection of temperature control valve design, by no means simply select the same diameter with the pipeline temperature control valve that is down. But in the selection process, the selected temperature control valve to create an ideal working conditions of pressure. A temperature control valve usually working pressure difference between 2 ~ 3mH2O, the maximum does not exceed 6 ~ 10mH2O. To this end, we must give the temperature control valve preset range of values ​​to prevent noise, affecting the normal operation of temperature control valve. When the same KV value, there are more than two choices of caliber, should be given priority to choose a small caliber thermostatic valve, the purpose is to improve the thermostatic valve regulating performance.
Second, electric control valve
Electric control valve is suitable for computer monitoring system to adjust the flow of equipment. Mostly used in unattended thermal stations. Electric control valve by the valve body, drive mechanism and transmitter components. Thermostatic valve is self-flow through the temperature control package flow regulation equipment, does not require external power supply; and electric control valve generally require single-phase 220V power supply, usually as a computer monitoring system actuator (regulating flow). Electric control valve or thermostatic valve are the most important equipment in the heating system flow regulation, the rest are its ancillary equipment.
Third, balance valve
Balance valve points manual balance valve and self-balancing valve. Both manual balancing valve or self-balancing valve, their role is to increase the proximal end of the heating system to increase resistance, limiting the actual operating flow should not exceed the design flow; in other words, its role is to overcome the redundant heating system proximal With ram, the electric control valve or thermostatic valve can work under a permitted pressure head. Therefore, the manual balancing valve and self-balancing valve, they are all thermostatic valve or electric control valve auxiliary flow regulator, but it is very important, if the selection is not properly designed or unreasonable, electric control valve or temperature control Valves do not work well.
1, manual balancing valve
1.1, manual balancing valve works
Manual balance valve is a one-time manual adjustment, can not automatically change with the system operating conditions change the drag coefficient, so called static balance valve. The object of manual balancing valve is resistance, can play the role of manually adjustable orifice to balance the resistance of the pipe network system, to achieve the balance of resistance of each loop role. Can solve the system steady-state imbalance problem: when the operating conditions are different from the design conditions, the circulating water is more or less than the design conditions, the balance valve is balanced by the system resistance, the new water volume can be designed according to the proportion of balance So that the traffic of each branch will increase and decrease proportionally at the same time and still meet the traffic requirement corresponding to the current load
1.2, manual balancing valve selection and design should pay attention to the problem (2)
(1) The characteristic curve of the valve determines the regulating performance of the valve, such as the flow curve of the stop valve. If it is meaningless to think that the flow change between 95% and 100% is meaningless then the flow rate will be realized from 0% to 5% Changes throughout the process, such a valve can not be used as a balanced adjustment of water conservancy conditions. As the theoretical curve of the valve is measured under the top pressure difference, and the actual conditions as long as the valve authority is not 1, the valve in the small opening line valve before and after the pressure difference, the opening is the valve before and after the pressure difference, resulting in valve dG / dC value in the small opening becomes larger, smaller opening in the large opening, so that the actual work of the valve to open the direction of the deviation, the smaller the valve power the larger the offset, the linear characteristics of the valve due to the actual performance Offset will lead to effective adjustment of the valve opening degree of space becomes smaller, so the theoretical curve of the valve string below the arc as a percentage of the characteristics as well. Equal percentage curve valve, the valve authority of 0.3 ~ 0.5 actual working curve may be close to the linear characteristics.
(2) Normally, the flow rate of the valve is too high when the valve is small, and the turbulent swirling zone will be formed after the valve. The vortex zone and the new pressure are very low, where the pressure is lower than the saturated pressure corresponding to the water temperature The flash of water vapor leads to the phenomenon of steam blow: severe noise, vibration of valves and pipes, damage of valves, pipes and pipe supports. Prevention and control of such accidents First of all, in the design of the valve runner to consider the valve seat and valve seat in the small opening to form a narrow throttle passage, constrained the formation of strong turbulent vortex; followed by the valve to maximize the valve Degrees, to avoid the valve in the small opening of the operation. In addition, as far as possible without pressure conditions involved in the problem of alkaline balance valve installed in the water back to the lower water pipes.
2, self-balancing valve
2.1, self-balancing valve works
Self-balancing valve can be in the absence of an external power supply, the system automatically balances traffic. Self-balancing valve is to maintain the orifice (fixed aperture) before and after the differential pressure to achieve a limited flow, therefore, can also be called the flow valve.
Fixed flow valve is the role of object flow, to lock the flow of water through the valve, rather than against the balance of resistance. He can solve the system's dynamic imbalance: In order to maintain the efficient operation of a single chiller, boiler, cooling tower, heat exchanger these devices need to control the flow of these devices is fixed at the rated value; From the end of the system, in order to avoid Dynamic adjustment of the interaction, but also need to end the flow of devices or branches.
In the design should be noted that the drawback of self-operated flow control valve is that the valve has the minimum requirements of poor work, the general requirements of the product minimum working pressure 20KPa, if installed in the most adverse circuit, will inevitably require more circulating water pump 2 m water column Working lift, it should be taken near-end installation, distal uneasy approach. Do not install this self-operated flow control valve when the user is at a distance greater than 80% of the heating radius from the heat source.
Fourth, differential pressure regulating valve
1, differential pressure regulating valve principle
The principle of differential pressure regulating valve, in essence, and self-balancing valve is the same. However, self-balancing valve, the orifice plate is present as a component in the valve body; and differential pressure control valve without the orifice of this component, but the system behind the differential pressure regulator valve as a plate, Therefore, the differential pressure control valve actually refers to the system after the entrance pressure difference. As can be seen from the structure of the differential pressure regulating valve: This control valve, the purpose is to control the subsequent system pressure difference between the entrance and exit fixed. The basic function is based on the thermal user demand for heat load, automatically adjust the thermal user's operating flow. When a building, due to some hot users require room temperature decreases, the corresponding room temperature control valve opening becomes smaller, resulting in differential pressure control valve pressure value becomes larger than the set value, then the differential pressure control valve automatically Off small spool, increase throttling effect, to reduce the pressure drop of the system, until the return to set value. The ultimate effect is to reduce the flow, to meet the needs of hot users, in order to reduce the frequent operation of the temperature control valve. Thermal user requirements increase room temperature, the pressure regulating valve's role is exactly the opposite.
2, the design should pay attention to the problem
Some people think that in the indoor system or riser, should be installed pressure control valve. After the simulation calculation: If the building's hot inlet, the uniform installation of a balanced valve (including manual, self-operated) or pressure regulating valve (but the design should be reasonable), the indoor temperature control valve in any adjustment range, before and after the pressure Poor will not exceed 6 ~ 10mH2O, temperature control valve can work under reasonable conditions. Therefore, it is not necessary and expensive to install a differential pressure control valve excessively.
Fifth, circulating pump variable flow operation, the flow control valve selection
Here mainly refers to the manual balancing valve, self-balancing valve and pressure regulating valve selection. In the circulating pump variable flow operation, the manual balance valve showed a geometric imbalance, the most conducive to the operation of temperature control valve; but the disadvantage is manual operation too much, it is difficult to achieve the desired adjustment. Circulating pump variable flow operation, the hot user entry the ideal setting pressure value should be with the outdoor temperature changes. For this, self-balancing valve, differential pressure regulating valve, are not ideal, but will not appear out of control. Therefore, this type of control valve can be used, which is beneficial to improve the regulation performance of the heating system.
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